الفلسفة على قدم واحدة

سئلت آين راند ذات مرة عما إذا كان بإمكانها تقديم أساسيات فلسفتها ، في شكل قصير ، بينما تقف على قدم واحدة. إليك ما قالته:

1. الميتافيزيقيا: الواقع الموضوعي

or “Nature, to be commanded, must be obeyed” or “Wishing won’t make it so.”
Reality exists as an objective absolute—facts are facts, independent of man’s feelings, wishes, hopes or fears.

2. نظرية المعرفة: العقل

or “You can’t eat your cake and have it, too.”
Reason (the faculty which identifies and integrates the material provided by man’s senses) is man’s only means of perceiving reality, his only source of knowledge, his only guide to action, and his basic means of survival.

3. الأخلاق: المصلحة الذاتية

or “Man is an end in himself.”
Man—every man—is an end in himself, not the means to the ends of others. He must exist for his own sake, neither sacrificing himself to others nor sacrificing others to himself. The pursuit of his own rational self-interest and of his own happiness is the highest moral purpose of his life.

4. السياسة: الرأسمالية

or “Give me liberty or give me death.”
The ideal political-economic system is laissez-faire capitalism. It is a system where men deal with one another, not as victims and executioners, nor as masters and slaves, but as traders, by free, voluntary exchange to mutual benefit. It is a system where no man may obtain any values from others by resorting to physical force, and no man may initiate the use of physical force against others. The government acts only as a policeman that protects man’s rights; it uses physical force only in retaliation and only against those who initiate its use, such as criminals or foreign invaders. In a system of full capitalism, there should be (but, historically, has not yet been) a complete separation of state and economics, in the same way and for the same reasons as the separation of state and church.

افكار اخيرة

إذا كنت تحمل هذه المفاهيم باتساق تام ، كقاعدة لقناعاتك ، فسيكون لديك نظام فلسفي كامل لتوجيه مسار حياتك. لكن الاحتفاظ بها باتساق تام - لفهمها وتعريفها وإثباتها وتطبيقها - يتطلب مجلدات من التفكير. وهذا هو السبب في أنه لا يمكن مناقشة الفلسفة أثناء الوقوف على قدم واحدة - ولا أثناء الوقوف على قدمين على جانبي كل سياج. هذا الأخير هو الموقف الفلسفي السائد اليوم ، لا سيما في مجال السياسة.

Copyright © 1962 by Times-Mirror Company
This article has been edited by The Atlas Society. It was originally published on June 17, 1962 in the Los Angeles Times as "Ayn Rand Ties Her Beliefs to Today's World"

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